The Euribor (ER) is the rate of interest at which banks lend to each other. It is the reference which most Spanish Lenders take to set the mortgages’ rate of interest. This rate is reviewable by your bank, depending on your Mortgage Deed, every six months or once a year. The European Central Bank (ECB), which sets European Monetary Policy for all EU members with the exception of the UK, has no direct control over the ER.

Post credit-crunch fear, shortage of liquidity in the markets, widespread bankruptcies and plummeting stock prices unseen since 1929’s infamous Wall Street’s Stock Market Crash has gripped banks with fear in the last quarter of 2008. This fear to lend to each other due to the mutual mistrust on one another’s writedowns has fuelled the ER hiking it to levels which were unprecedented historically.

In line with the US, the European Central Bank has lowered consecutively the interest rate which indirectly affects the ER. The Euribor rate reached an all time high on October 2008 peaking at 5.393%. To this you must add the differential on paying a mortgage which typically for a non-resident will be 1% on top of the Euribor rate. This caused a surge of mortgage defaults.

The reason being is that the ECB is lagging behind the United States Monetary Policy which has now set its interest rate at almost zero (0.25% to be exact) to hopefully fuel the ailing American economy. So the ECB has quite some catching up to do next year as its interest rate is currently held at 2.50%. Currently the Euribor rate for 12 months is set at 3.085%

In any case the continued policy of the European Central Bank to lower the interest rates over the last months will help to drive down the Euribor rate which is always news most welcomed by everyone, specially borrowers. Spanish banks will revise and adjust the Euribor rate which in turn will lower your monthly mortgage repayments. This normally happens in July.

For example, a typical mortgage of €300,000 revisable next July 2009 could drop by as much as €550 a month if the Euribor rate continues its downward trend and hits the 2% forecasted by financial experts by mid 2009.

So for all those that are struggling to pay their mortgage loan and are considering defaulting you should be aware of this significant drop in 2009. We suggest you find out at your bank when the Euribor rate will be adjusted for your own particular case and how much money you stand to save.

As we were trying to explain during the past days (forum thread, blog post and newsletter) this forced administration procedure did not mean that Aifos had filed for bankruptcy as it was mistakenly being reported at large.

The judge’s ruling on the creditor’s petition puts an end to this forced administration procedure.

What consequence does the above have? None. As stated, Aifos will continue trading as normal building and selling properties. The announcement of the forced administration procedure did not mean that Aifos had stopped trading and that it will now resume it. Aifos at no time had stopped trading all along this process.

Those who were buying properties will continue to do so and those who were litigating will also continue as well. Nothing has changed. This of course doesn’t rule out the possibility that some other creditor may in the future choose to follow the same path…

And if the above is confirmed any skilled lawyer could turn, on behalf of the perpetrators, a scam into a civil dispute, well away from criminal courts. In my opinion this whole fiasco could be construed as a scam and therefore prosecuted via Criminal Courts if the following requisites can be proved, beyond reasonable doubt, by the Prosecutor and victims:

1. That the developer promised the reclassification of the land from rural to a classification necessary for the commercial purpose it was destined for.
2. That the developer new that the reclassification was either very difficult to achieve or simply impossible, and he did not even attempt to change it.
3. That the developer provided false or manipulated valuations (this action per se is enough to prosecute for fraud).

My gut feeling tells me that this is all fraudulent (their website is worrying) but as a lawyer I would loathe to be predisposed to a certain opinion just by reading the press and internet comments and not looking carefully at the documents signed by the parties, the advertising used for selling and the sales “pitch” used by their telemarketers, which is key to decide on launching criminal or civil proceedings.

What I can guarantee, with 100% certainty (and my professional reputation goes with it!) is that cold callers offering a debt recovery service are real conmen trying to seize this opportunity to extract an extra amount of cash from the already vulnerable investors. Whether they are of African origin (Nigerian 419 scam) or former timeshare scammers, putting the phone down after a brief conversation indicating you are not interest should suffice.

I have so far only seen a copy of the deeds of sale of shares of the company owning the land signed at the Notary in Fuengirola, which is insufficient to decide on what actions to take, so any input (documents, advertising material, copy of valuations etc) is welcome to file a case against the developer, in the person of the directors/administrators of the company(ies) involved.

Aifos owes 850 million Euros (718 million GBP). It’s largest creditors are Banco Popular with 200 million Euros, followed by Banco Pastor with 33 million Euros. Another 96 companies form part of the creditors list to which AIFOS has been owing funds for the last 2 years.

AIFOS has currently employed 2,000 workers.

IMPORTANT: all our AIFOS clients have been sent a newsletter on this issue on Tuesday 25th of November. If you haven’t received yours or are unable to open the attachment please contact us.

Source: El Economista Financial Newspaper

In plain English, dacion en pago means handing over the keys to the bank, and in exchange the bank will discharge all mortgage debt not holding you liable in the future. They will also renounce pursuing the debt in your home country or elsewhere against any other assets you may hold. This solution of last resort puts an end to many people’s growing nightmare as the mortgage debt mounts up and becomes unbearable. On you defaulting a mortgage debt in Spain, the debt goes personally against you, not against the property itself. That is why many defaulting borrowers are realizing with shock that in despite of the lender having repossessed their Spanish property, they may chase you back in your home country or elsewhere for the outstanding debt. 

The dacion en pago involves you signing a deed at a Notary Public by which the bank commits itself not to chase you in the future for the debt and consider it discharged for good. The catch is that the property must not be in negative equity. This is actually more difficult than people think because due to the easy credit of the last years the loan-to-value of properties was very high, too high in fact, hence all the bank related problems we read on a daily basis with massive write downs carried out by Lenders. People borrowed far too much and now their properties may have fallen below their initial loan. If this happens, the lender will be reluctant to agree to this dacion en pago because the property will have no equity left. In this case if a solution cannot be reached the bank will repossess the property. Banks can sell the non-performing mortgage prior to it going to auction. Transfer Tax of 7% has to be paid on the value of the property as if it were a normal conveyance. Some banks will impose that this tax burden is borne by the borrower.

So if you are finding trouble keeping up with your mortgage repayments or you reasonably foresee you may fall in arrears soon and your property is still in positive equity you may suggest this option to your lender. However, it’s only up to the bank to decide on whether they are willing to accept it or not. Some banks are reluctant yet others will consider it although a specific case-by-case study will be required.  

The bank will evaluate if this option is in line with its best interests and will determine the amount of equity left in the property commanding an updated appraisal if necessary. If the numbers stack up, they will accept it. You will both sign the deed at a Notary’s and that will be the end of the matter. We advise you to hire a lawyer to make sure your debt will be totally discharged; besides you will need an impartial translator acting for you.
 
It’s a win-win for both parties really. The borrower is free at last and has managed to secure successfully his assets abroad from the lender or any law firm or debt collection company they may hire to pursue the outstanding debt. The lender on the other hand will now own the property outright and will have successfully waived a lengthy and expensive court procedure (repossession) without having to apply provisions to the Bank of Spain to make up for this dubious loan. These provisions set aside by banks are being looked upon closely by credit-rating agencies post credit crunch.

Following up on our article of 2nd of October 2007 Marbella’s Town Hall will be provisionally approving the new Master Urban Plan (P.G.O.U.).  Marbella’s majoress has declared in a press release that it is a triumph of all to make developers compensate the Town Hall for the irregularities. As per our prior article, the risk there was before was that if a developer was unwilling to pay this compensation it would be up to the new owner, the innocent third party of good faith, who would have the onus of compensating the Town Hall to regularise thier newly purchased home. This will no longer be the case after the inclusion of said article which forces developers to compensate in all cases. The developers will be given a year’s deadline to comply voluntarily after which the Town Hall’s legal representatives will be able to execute the compensations due at developer’s expense. 

The new amended Master Urban Plan includes 6,000 of the 8,500 public appeals that were brought forth. That is 70% of them were accepted including appeals made by more than 350 Community of Owners.

The areas which will now become regularised at the developer’s expense will be: 1,008 dwellings in San Pedro de Alcántara; 3,351 dwellings in Nueva Andalucía; 1,708 in Nagüeles; 1,999 in Marbella; 533 in Río Real and 406 in La Víbora. This regularisation process will involve the developers both granting plots of land of their own as well as purchasing them only to hand them over to the Town Hall so as to restore Marbella’s public areas devised for general use such as future schools or green zones.

The goal of Marbella’s New Master Urban Plan is to create a reliable legal framework that restores confidence back into the real estate market. This will benefit both prospective purchasers and developers.

Notwithstanding there are still 500 inhabited dwellings on which a general consensus must still be attained. Concretely the majoress referred to Banana Beach, Río Real and La Víbora. The remaining 1,500 uninhabited illegal dwellings could find a public use in the future such as Elder Foster Care.

The new amended P.G.O.U. still needs to go again under a second period of public scrutiny should anyone be interested in making additional appeals. Once the Junta de Andalucía gives its final approval the Master Urban Plan will be definitely approved. It is foreseen Marbella will have its new Master Urban Plan approved for spring of 2009.

The list below is provided in no particular order:

1. Is the domain name old enough? By means of a Whois search you can find out when the domain name was registered. If it’s only a few weeks old, be suspicious.
2. Are they using mobiles? – If the phones used as contact numbers are mobile numbers instead of land lines, it’s definitely not a good sign. In Spain, mobile numbers start by +34 6..
3. Have you been contacted out of the blue? – If you where cold called, or received an email from someone you don’t know, ask yourself why these people have your contact details.
4. Are you being requested to pay money upfront? This is the single most worrying point if it comes in conjunction of with one or more of the above.
5. Is the offer too good to be true? If the offer sounds too good to be true, it probably is.
6. Is the company properly registered? – Although it’s something positive if they can provide you with company registration details, you shouldn’t give this point too much importance. Fraudsters have been registering companies for decades with the sole purpose of deceiving (e.g. dozens of companies where incorporated by fraudsters to conduct the infamous Timeshare Resale Scam)
7. Is the address for their offices correct? – Not sure why, fraudsters tend to provide you with fake addresses which don’t really exist. Check any of the online street directories and find out if the address provided is correct.
8. Something strange about their names? Funny names such as “Woley Fernandez” or “Barrister Perez Santos ESQ” are names made up by Nigerians conducting 419 advance fee scams (the terms “Barrister” or “ESQ” don’t exist in Spanish law). Also, fraudsters tend to cite fake organisms such as “The Ministry of Finance” or “The Security Company”.
9. What others are saying – Use search engines to find information about the company. Try putting the company in inverted comas, and add terms like “scam” or “fraud”. The company or individual you mention might have already been reported online as fraudsters by other people.

Needless to say, the above list shouldn’t be taken as definitive, nor the absolute legitimacy o illegitimacy of a company established based on one or more of the above points. You can use it, however, to personally evaluate the risk of the transaction.

My recommendation is that you never pay any moneys upfront if you have been contacted out of the blue. However, if you have to, before doing so always suggest the use of an escrow company (chosen by you) to hold the funds until the product or service has been delivered. If they refuse, I recommend that you back off.

Always remember; have a lawyer analyze the transaction before making any up-front payments.

In practice, UE members have the freedom to raise the yardstick as they see fit. Such has been the case of the United Kingdom which has raised this week the minimum amount protected from 33,000 to 50,000 GBP in retaliation to Ireland’s unilateral decision of protecting the full amount of their depositors funds. This has created liquidity problems to UK banks which have witnessed massive withdrawals of funds seeking the save haven of Irish banks. Following Ireland’s decision last week, Germany also guaranteed the full amount of private individual’s bank deposits on Monday the 6th October. Many other European countries have followed Germany’s example this week.

In view of the unilateral increases of Ireland and the United Kingdom, the European Union’s Finance Ministers (Ecofin) gathered and decided today to raise the minimum amount protected from €20,000 up to €50,000. All European countries will now be forced to guarantee at least the said amount having the liberty to raise it. Spain only protected €20,000 until early this morning.

Spain’s president, Mr Zapatero, held an urgent meeting yesterday in Madrid with Spain’s six most prominent banks and savings banks promising to raise the minimum protected amount above the UE’s new threshold of €50,000 without specifying any concrete amount.

We welcome these measures, as they should help reduce the sense of panic and bring back confidence in the banking system.

As our colleague Fernando Del Canto rightly points out in his excellent blog Tax Precision , the news is incorrect. Apparently, Spain’s Government has published in the English version of their site a press release in which they mistakenly claim that the abolishment of Inheritance Tax is to be approved.

The text, lost in translation, is as follows:

The Government approves the abolition of Inheritance Tax and 24 reforms aimed at economic recovery

Thursday, 14 August 2008

The president of the Government appeared after today’s extraordinary Cabinet Meeting to explain the economic reform programme that is focussed on six strategic sectors: finance for small and medium sized enterprises, housing, transport, energy, climatic change, telecommunications and the information society, and services. These reforms will take place during 2008 and 2009 with the aim of helping families and businesses, and preparing for economic recovery.
[...]
Adopted measures

The head of the Government announced that the Bill for abolishing inheritance tax, to come into effect from 1 January 2008, has been referred to Parliament. This represents a fiscal improvement of 1,800 million euros for approximately one million taxpayers.
[...]

We would like to confirm that, unfortunately, this is just an error due to a poor technical translation into English. What the Government meant to inform was that Property Wealth Tax, as already reported at large by the media, was to be abolished as from the 1st of January 2008.

This system was created back in 2004 and allows to significantly reduce both the associated expenses as well as the necessary eviction time compared to a normal court procedure (which normally averages at least 10 months). However, this system only works if both parties, tenant and landlord, abide the mandatory Arbitral Award something which does not always happen as non-paying tenants may only buying time with no real intention of paying the arrears.

The Arbitral Court guarantees that the case will be examined within 30 days, often even less. The main advantage would be the swiftness in which the arbitral award is obtained. This is particular important in cases in which the landlord offsets the rent against his mortgage repayments.

To apply for it is only necessary to request it in one of the 120 real estate agencies of Malaga province which are homologated by the Arbitral Court or simply including it as a clause in the Tenancy agreement waiving the ordinary court procedure. It only costs 42 Euros plus a further 300 Euros in case of a protracted conflict. A normal court procedure would have an average cost of at least 2.300 Euros. The second advantage would be the considerable amount of money it saves the landlord.

Another option available to the Landlord is to hire a Rental Insurance which cover the event of the tenant defaulting until he is effectively vacated from the property. These insurance companies will request the tenants’ payslips to ascertain their financial ability.

More information on the subject can be found on our article Landlord: Keys to Successful Rental Income